Sepsis-Induced Acute Lung Injury Is Alleviated by Small Molecules from Dietary Plants via Pyroptosis Modulation

Sepsis-induced acute respiratorydistress syndrome (ARDS) has highmorbidity and mortality, and it has three major pathogeneses, namelyalveolar-capillary barrier destruction, elevated gut permeability,and reduced neutrophil extracellular traps (NETS), all of which arepyroptosis-involved. Due to limitations of current agents like adversereaction superposition, inevitable drug resistance, and relativelyheavier financial burden, naturally extracted small-molecule compoundshave a broad market even though chemically modified drugs have straightforwardefficacy. Despite increased understanding of the molecular biologyand mechanism underlying sepsis-induced ARDS, there are no specificreviews concerning how small molecules from dietary plants alleviatesepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI) via regulating pyroptotic celldeath. Herein, we traced and reviewed the molecular underpinningsof sepsis-induced ALI with a focus on small-molecule compounds fromdietary plants, the top three categories of which are respectivelyflavonoids and flavone, terpenoids, and polyphenol and phenolic acids,and how they rescued septic ALI by restraining pyroptosis.