Risk factors associated with corneal endothelial cell density in Posner-Schlossman syndrome

Purpose To investigate the risk factors related to corneal endothelial cell density (ECD) in patients with Posner-Schlossman syndrome (PSS). Patients and methods It was an observational retrospective study. We reviewed the medical records of patients with PSS who attended the ophthalmology department at Wuhan University Zhongnan Hospital from January 2019 to December 2021. 42 eyes of 42 patients with PSS were included in the study. Demographic characteristics and clinical manifestations were recorded. The clinical characteristics of PSS patients with reduced ECD were compared with PSS patients with normal ECD. Simple and multiple linear regression analyses were carried out to identify the risk factors for ECD in PSS. Results The ECD-lowered group had a longer disease duration (P = 0.000), higher rate of occurrence of corneal edema (P = 0.039), higher cytomegalovirus (CMV) deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) copy number (P = 0.044), higher interleukin-10 (IL-10) level in the aqueous humor (P = 0.044), and thinner average retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness (P = 0.016) than the control group. The results of multiple linear regression analysis indicated that disease duration (beta = - 0.287, P = 0.024) and level of IL-10 in the aqueous humor (beta = - 0.408, P = 0.001) were significantly negatively associated with ECD, while average RNFL thickness (beta = 0.330, P = 0.007) was significantly positively related to ECD in PSS. Conclusion A longer disease duration, higher degree of glaucomatous damage and elevated level of IL-10 in the aqueous humor were associated with reduced ECD in PSS.