Cardiovascular adverse events and prognosis in patients with haematologic malignancies and breast cancer receiving anticancer agents: Kurume-CREO Registry insights

Aims Cancer treatment-related cardiovascular toxicity (CTR-CVT) is a growing concern in patients undergoing anticancer therapy. The Heart Failure Association (HFA) and International Cardio-Oncology Society (ICOS) risk assessment tools have been proposed for the baseline cardiovascular (CV) risk stratification of patients with cancer. This study investigated the incidence of CV adverse events in clinical practice, also using the HFA-ICOS risk tool. Methods and results This single-centre, prospective, observational study was conducted at Kurume University Hospital from October 2016 to August 2021, including patients aged & GE;20 years with haematologic malignancies or breast cancer who were receiving anticancer agents. Cardiovascular assessments were performed at enrolment and every 6 months until February 2022, with additional assessments for suspected CV adverse events. The primary endpoint was common terminology criteria for adverse events v4.0 Grade & GE;2, and the secondary endpoints were all-cause and CV deaths. Of the enrolled 486 patients, CV adverse events occurred in 24.5, 15.8, 38.1, and 18.0% of patients with leukaemia, malignant lymphoma, multiple myeloma, and breast cancer, respectively. Patients at high or very high risk had a significantly higher incidence of CV events, according to the HFA-ICOS risk tool. Cardiovascular death occurred in 4 (0.8%) patients during follow-up. Conclusion This study revealed that 16-38% of patients with haematologic malignancies and breast cancer developed CTR-CVT during follow-up, in which patients with high/very high risk were well predicted by the HFA-ICOS risk assessment tool. Monitoring and managing CV risk factors are essential for safe cancer therapy. Lay summary As the elderly population grows worldwide, cancer and cardiac diseases have become the leading causes of death in many countries, including Japan. With advances in cancer treatment, survival rates have improved, resulting in an increasing number of cancer survivors developing therapy-related cardiovascular (CV) problems. The study, conducted at Kurume University Hospital, examined 486 participants with haematologic malignancies and breast cancer. The result demonstrates CV adverse events in 12, 45, 24, and 16 patients with leukaemia, malignant lymphoma, multiple myeloma, and breast cancer, respectively. Heart failure and left ventricular systolic dysfunction were the most common adverse events. This study demonstrates the importance of monitoring patients with cancer for potential CV risks and highlights the need for further research to improve treatment protocols for those at higher risk. Key findings includeThis prospective study conducted in Japan revealed a high incidence of adverse cardiovascular (CV) events in patients with haematologic malignancies and breast cancer treated with anticancer agents but a low CV mortality rate during the mid-term follow-up period.Patients at high/very high risk, as determined by the Heart Failure Association-International Cardio-Oncology Society risk assessment tool, experienced a higher incidence of CV events and heart failure compared with those at low and moderate risks.