A Mini-Review on Underground Hydrogen Storage: Production to Field Studies

Hydrogen has become increasingly popular as one of thealternativefuels to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Storing hydrogen in geologicalstructures is a technology that shows great potential in storing largeamounts of hydrogen efficiently. However, this technology is relativelynew and requires a clear understanding. Therefore, a quick reviewof underground hydrogen storage is needed to understand its fundamentalconcepts. This review article presents important components relevantto underground hydrogen storage. First, some currently available hydrogenproduction methods are discussed followed by hydrogen storage methods.Both small-scale and large-scale hydrogen storage methods are presented.Next, some important factors (fluid properties, rock properties, solid-fluidinteractions, and chemical interactions) influencing underground hydrogenstorage are summarized. This is followed by presenting various interestingfield studies for underground hydrogen storage. Lastly, some challengesand future outlooks pertinent to underground hydrogen storage arereviewed. This article will serve as a useful resource that providesa quick overview of underground hydrogen storage for both researchersand industrialists.