Stability of Silver-Nanowire-Based Flexible Transparent Electrodes under Mechanical Stress

Flexible organic solar cells (OSCs) are one of the most promising power sources for wearable electronics. A high-quality transparent electrode is one of the indispensable components for OSCs because it guarantees sufficient light transparency and electrical conductivity. Silver nanowires (AgNWs) are considered to be an ideal candidate over commercial rigid indium tin oxide as flexible transparent electrodes (FTEs) because of their superior optoelectronic properties, excellent mechanical flexibility, solution treatability, and high compatibility with semiconductors. However, the stability of AgNWs-based FTEs (AgNWs-FTEs) hinders their further application. In this perspective, we provide state-of-the-art solution-processed AgNWs with enhanced stability and their applications in flexible OSCs. We start with a systematic analysis of the failure mechanisms and evaluation methods of AgNWs-FTEs. Then the key reinforced materials are summarized. Next, the main stability enhancement strategies are briefly discussed. Applications of AgNWs-FTEs in flexible and stretchable OSCs are further surveyed. Finally, an outlook on the current status, future challenges, and emerging strategies in this field is presented.