Optimal Scheduling of Electric Vehicles Charging and Discharging Strategy Based on Real-Time Price Considering Multi-party Interest

In order to mitigate the negative impact brought by the large-scale grid connection of EVs, it is highly significant to study the optimal charging scheduling strategy of EVs. In this paper, a multiobjective optimization model of ordered charging and discharging with the participation of distribution network operator (DNO), charging station operator (CSO) and EV users is established, which maximize the interest of three parties. At the same time, the real-time price (RTP) based on the change in load rate is designed and compared with the time-of-use (TOU) price model to analyze the impact of both on the interests of all parties. At last, the sparrow search algorithm (SSA) is introduced and three improvements are made. The results demonstrate that different charging modes of EVs and charging price models will affect the balance of interests of the three parties, while the improved SSA performs better under different users' response rates. (c) 2023 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.