Inside-out in creative industry-led urban regeneration: the roles of developers in Liverpool and Bristol compared

In order to generate a better understanding of the real estate development industry that eventually (re)shapes our urban landscape, this paper explores the potentially different development behaviours and outcomes between insider and outsider developers in creative industry-led urban regeneration. Viewing real estate development as an institutionally loaded process, this paper distils developers' disparities in seeking development inputs, delivering products and securing transactions, which bear major implications for their innovation readiness and competency in urban regeneration. Paintworks in Bristol and Baltic Triangle in Liverpool UK are used as case studies to illustrate how insider and outsider developers forge their unique development logic and products under specific market and institutional contexts.