Primary small cell neuroendocrine cancer of adrenal gland: a rare extrapulmonary small cell cancer

Small cell cancer is an aggressive neoplasm of neuroendocrine origin that is most commonly found in the lungs. However, up to 5% of cases can be extrapulmonary. These have been reported to be located in the gastrointestinal and genitourinary systems and rarely in other locations. Only five prior cases of small cell cancer have been reported where the primary lesion is at the adrenal gland. Here we present the case of a female patient in her mid-50s who presented with right upper quadrant pain and was diagnosed with metastatic small cell carcinoma of the adrenal gland. The patient received palliative chemotherapy for her metastatic cancer and was ultimately admitted to hospice after progression of her disease. This case and the accompanying literature review highlight a rare manifestation of extrapulmonary small cell cancer.