Oil-in-water and oleogel-in-water emulsion encapsulate with hemp seed oil containing A9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabinol: Stability, degradation and in vitro simulation characteristics

The present study focused on investigating the stability and in vitro simulation characteristics of oil-in-water (O/ W) and oleogel-in-water (Og/W) emulsions. Compared with O/W emulsion, the Og/W emulsion exhibited superior stability, with a more evenly spread droplet distribution, and the Og/W emulsion containing 3 % hemp seed protein (HSP) showed better stability against environmental factors, including heat treatment, ionic strength, and changes in pH. Additionally, the stability of A9-tetrahydrocannabinol (A9-THC) and cannabinol (CBN) and the in vitro digestion of hemp seed oil (HSO) were evaluated. The half-life of CBN in the Og/W emulsion was found to be 131.82 days, with a degradation rate of 0.00527. The in vitro simulation results indicated that the Og/W emulsion effectively delayed the intestinal digestion of HSO, and the bioaccessibility of A9-THC and CBN reached 56.0 % and 58.0 %, respectively. The study findings demonstrated that the Og/W emulsion constructed with oleogel and HSP, exhibited excellent stability.