Enhancing heat transfer efficiency and energy improvement through novel biosynthesized aqua-based silver nanofluid from leaf extract in a helical double pipe heat exchanger: a comprehensive investigation

This study investigated the convective heat transfer coefficient and friction coefficient in a copper helical double pipe heat exchanger utilizing biosynthetic aqua-based silver (Ag) nanofluids prepared with Histiopteris incisa leaf extract. The nanofluids were characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The experimental approach involved the constant heat flux method under laminar flow conditions with flow rates ranging from 100 to 160 litres per hour (LPH). Biosynthesized aqua-based silver nanofluids were synthesized using a one-step biosynthesis method, resulting in volume concentrations ranging from 0.3 to 0.9%. Our findings demonstrated that the biosynthesized aqua-based silver nanofluids exhibited enhanced convective heat transfer compared to pure water. Additionally, the heat transfer coefficient showed an increasing trend with higher volume concentrations of biosynthesized aqua-based silver nanofluids. Notably, the most significant improvement in convective heat transfer, reaching 40%, was achieved with a 0.9% volume concentration of biosynthesized aqua-based silver nanofluids, a flow rate of 140 LPH, and a Dean number of 1400. Moreover, the friction coefficients observed for biosynthesized aqua-based silver nanofluids were 35% higher than those of water in the Dean number range of 1400-2400.