Tidal Disruption Event Demographics with the Zwicky Transient Facility: Volumetric Rates, Luminosity Function, and Implications for the Local Black Hole Mass Function

被引：114

作者：

Yao, Yuhan ^{[1
,2
,3
]}

Ravi, Vikram ^{[1
]}

Gezari, Suvi ^{[4
,5
]}

van Velzen, Sjoert ^{[6
]}

Lu, Wenbin ^{[3
]}

Schulze, Steve ^{[7
]}

Somalwar, Jean J. ^{[1
]}

Kulkarni, S. R. ^{[1
]}

Hammerstein, Erica ^{[8
]}

Nicholl, Matt ^{[9
,10
,11
]}

Graham, Matthew J. ^{[1
]}

Perley, Daniel A. ^{[12
]}

Cenko, S. Bradley ^{[13
,14
]}

Stein, Robert ^{[1
]}

Ricarte, Angelo ^{[15
,16
]}

Chadayammuri, Urmila ^{[15
]}

Quataert, Eliot ^{[17
]}

Bellm, Eric C. ^{[18
]}

Bloom, Joshua S. ^{[3
]}

Dekany, Richard ^{[19
]}

Drake, Andrew J. ^{[1
]}

Groom, Steven L. ^{[20
]}

Mahabal, Ashish A. ^{[21
,22
]}

Prince, Thomas A. ^{[1
]}

Riddle, Reed ^{[19
]}

Rusholme, Ben ^{[20
]}

Sharma, Yashvi ^{[1
]}

Sollerman, Jesper ^{[23
]}

Yan, Lin ^{[1
]}

机构：

[1] CALTECH, Cahill Ctr Astrophys, MC 249-17,1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA

[2] Miller Inst Basic Res Sci, 468 Donner Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA

[3] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA

[4] Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA

[5] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA

[6] Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, Postbus 9513, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands

[7] Stockholm Univ, Oskar Klein Ctr, Dept Phys, AlbaNova, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden

[8] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA

[9] Univ Birmingham, Birmingham Inst Gravitat Wave Astron, Birmingham B15 2TT, England

[10] Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Birmingham B15 2TT, England

[11] Queens Univ Belfast, Astrophys Res Ctr, Sch Math & Phys, Belfast BT7 1NN, North Ireland

[12] Liverpool John Moores Univ, Astrophys Res Inst, IC2, Liverpool Sci Pk,146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L3 5RF, England

[13] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA

[14] Joint Space Sci Inst Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA

[15] Harvard & Smithsonian, Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA

[16] Harvard Univ, Black Hole Initiat, 20 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA

[17] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA

[18] Univ Washington, DIRAC Inst, Dept Astron, 3910 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98195 USA

[19] CALTECH, Caltech Opt Observ, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA

[20] CALTECH, IPAC, 1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA

[21] CALTECH, Div Phys Math & Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA

[22] CALTECH, Ctr Data Driven Discovery, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA

[23] Stockholm Univ, Oskar Klein Ctr, Dept Astron, AlbaNova, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden

来源：

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS | 2023年 / 955卷 / 01期

关键词：

DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; GALAXY STELLAR MASS; X-RAY; HOST GALAXIES; OPTICAL TRANSIENTS; LOW-RESOLUTION; DISC FORMATION; DATA RELEASE; EVOLUTION; STARS;

D O I：

10.3847/2041-8213/acf216

中图分类号：

P1 [天文学];

学科分类号：

0704 ;

摘要：

We conduct a systematic tidal disruption event (TDE) demographics analysis using the largest sample of optically selected TDEs. A flux-limited, spectroscopically complete sample of 33 TDEs is constructed using the Zwicky Transient Facility over 3 yr (from 2018 October to 2021 September). We infer the black hole (BH) mass (M BH) with host galaxy scaling relations, showing that the sample M BH ranges from 105.1 M & ODOT; to 108.2 M & ODOT;. We developed a survey efficiency corrected maximum volume method to infer the rates. The rest-frame g-band luminosity function can be well described by a broken power law of & phi;(Lg)& PROP;Lg/Lbk0.3+Lg/Lbk2.6-1 , with L bk = 1043.1 erg s-1. In the BH mass regime of 105.3 & LSIM; (M BH/M & ODOT;) & LSIM; 107.3, the TDE mass function follows & phi;(MBH)& PROP;MBH-0.25 , which favors a flat local BH mass function ( dnBH/dlogMBH & AP;constant ). We confirm the significant rate suppression at the high-mass end (M BH & GSIM; 107.5 M & ODOT;), which is consistent with theoretical predictions considering direct capture of hydrogen-burning stars by the event horizon. At a host galaxy mass of M gal & SIM; 1010 M & ODOT;, the average optical TDE rate is & AP;3.2 x 10-5 galaxy-1 yr-1. We constrain the optical TDE rate to be [3.7, 7.4, and 1.6] x 10-5 galaxy-1 yr-1 in galaxies with red, green, and blue colors.

引用

页数：31

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