Real-World Effectiveness of Four Types of COVID-19 Vaccines

被引:9
作者
Abdel-Qader, Derar H. [1 ,2 ]
Abdel-Qader, Hasan [3 ]
Silverthorne, Jennifer [4 ]
Kongkaew, Chuenjid [5 ]
Meslamani, Ahmad Z. Al [6 ,7 ]
Hayajneh, Wail [8 ,9 ]
Alwahadneh, Adel M. [10 ]
Hamadi, Salim [1 ]
Abu-Qatouseh, Luay [1 ]
Awad, Riad [1 ]
Al Nsour, Mohannad [11 ]
Alhariri, Abdallah [12 ]
Shnewer, Khaldoun [12 ]
Da'ssan, Mohammad [12 ]
Obeidat, Nathir M. [13 ]
Nusair, Khaldoon E. [14 ]
Jalamdeh, Mothafer S. [15 ]
Hawari, Feras [3 ]
Asad, Mohammad [11 ]
AbuRuz, Salah [16 ,17 ]
机构
[1] Univ Petra, Fac Pharm & Med Sci, Amman 11196, Jordan
[2] Al Rashid Hosp Ctr, Amman 11623, Jordan
[3] Minist Hlth, Amma 11118, Jordan
[4] Univ Manchester, Div Pharm & Optometry, Manchester M13 9PL, England
[5] Naresuan Univ, Dept Pharm Practice, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
[6] Al Ain Univ, AAU Hlth & Biomed Res Ctr, POB 112612, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates
[7] Al Ain Univ, Pharm 7College, POB 64141, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates
[8] St Louis Univ, Sch Med, St Louis, MO 63104 USA
[9] Jordan Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Med, Irbid, Jordan
[10] Saudi Hosp, Amman 11181, Jordan
[11] Eastern Mediterranean Publ Hlth Network EMPHNET, Amman 11195, Jordan
[12] Fourth Generat Med Lab, Amman 11181, Jordan
[13] Univ Jordan, Sch Med, Amman 11942, Jordan
[14] King Abdullah Univ Hosp, Irbid 22110, Jordan
[15] Prince Hamza Hosp, Amman 11123, Jordan
[16] United Arab Emirates Univ, Coll Med & Hlth Sci, Dept Pharmacol & Therapeut, POB 15551, Al Ain, U Arab Emirates
[17] Univ Jordan, Fac Pharm, Dept Clin Pharm, Amman 11942, Jordan
关键词
COVID-19; vaccine effectiveness; Jordan; delta variant;
D O I
10.3390/vaccines11050985
中图分类号
R392 [医学免疫学]; Q939.91 [免疫学];
学科分类号
100102 ;
摘要
Background: There is a scarcity of evidence regarding the real-world effectiveness of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines. This was the first study to evaluate the effectiveness of four types of vaccines against asymptomatic and symptomatic infection, and COVID-19 outcomes among the general population. Methods: This was a matched comparison group quasi-experimental study conducted in Jordan between 1 January and 29 August 2021. In the first part of the study, 1200 fully vaccinated individuals were matched with 1200 unvaccinated control participants. In order to measure vaccine effectiveness, the infection rates of both vaccinated and unvaccinated groups were calculated. The second part of the study included measuring specific anti-SARS CoV-2 immune cells and antibodies. Results: BNT162b2 (Pfizer, New York, NY, USA) showed a significantly higher effectiveness against asymptomatic COVID-19 infection (91.7%) and hospitalization (99.5%) than BBIBP-CorV (Sinopharm, Beijing, China) (88.4% and 98.7%, respectively) and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK) (84.3%, and 98.9%, respectively). The effectiveness rates of the Sputnik V (Gamaleya Research Institute, Moscow, Russia) vaccine against asymptomatic, symptomatic, and hospitalization were 100%, 100%, and 66.7%, respectively. The highest median anti-spike (S) IgG values were seen in individuals who received BNT162b2 (2.9 AU/mL) and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (2.8 AU/mL) vaccines. The levels of anti-S IgG were significantly decreased after 7 months of vaccination with BNT162b2 and BBIBP-CorV. There were significant decreases in the median number of neutralizing antibodies one month and seven months after receiving BNT162b2 (from 88.5 to 75.2 4 Bioequivalent Allergen Unit per milliliter/mL), BBIBP-CorV (from 69.5 to 51.5 BAU/mL), and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (from 69.2 to 58.BAU/mL) vaccines. The highest percentage of T cells specific to COVID-19 vaccine was found in individuals who received BNT162b2 (88.5%). Conclusion: All four vaccines evaluated in this study showed effectiveness against asymptomatic COVID-19 infection, symptomatic infection, hospitalization, and death. Furthermore, BNT162b2, BBIBP-CorV, and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 induced high levels of immunology markers within one month of vaccination.
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页数:13
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