Characterization of Cronobacter sakazakii and Cronobacter malonaticus Strains Isolated from Powdered Dairy Products Intended for Consumption by Adults and Older Adults

被引:3
|
作者
Parra-Flores, Julio [1 ]
Flores-Soto, Fernanda [2 ]
Flores-Balboa, Carolina [2 ]
Alarcon-Lavin, Maria P. [1 ]
Cabal-Rosel, Adriana [3 ]
Daza-Prieto, Beatriz [3 ]
Springer, Burkhard [3 ]
Cruz-Cordova, Ariadnna [4 ]
Leiva-Caro, Jose [5 ]
Forsythe, Stephen [6 ]
Ruppitsch, Werner [3 ]
机构
[1] Univ Bio Bio, Dept Nutr & Publ Hlth, Chillan 3800708, Chile
[2] Univ Bio Bio, Nutr & Dietet Sch, Chillan 3800708, Chile
[3] Austrian Agcy Hlth & Food Safety, Inst Med Microbiol & Hyg, A-1220 Vienna, Austria
[4] Hosp Infantil Mexico Dr Federico Gomez, Intestinal Bacteriol Res Lab, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
[5] Univ Bio Bio, Dept Nursing, Chillan 3800708, Chile
[6] FoodMicrobe Com Ltd, Adams Hill, Nottingham NG12 5GY, England
关键词
Cronobacter sakazakii; Cronobacter malonaticus; MDR; virulence factors; powder dairy products; whole-genome sequencing; older adults; INTESTINAL EPITHELIAL-CELLS; ENTEROBACTER-SAKAZAKII; ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY; BIOFILM FORMATION; INFANT FORMULA; SIALIC-ACID; SPP; VIRULENCE; FOOD; INFECTIONS;
D O I
10.3390/microorganisms11122841
中图分类号
Q93 [微生物学];
学科分类号
071005 ; 100705 ;
摘要
The objective of this study was to characterize Cronobacter spp. and related organisms isolated from powder dairy products intended for consumption by adults and older adults using whole-genome sequencing (WGS), and to identify genes and traits that encode antibiotic resistance and virulence. Virulence (VGs) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were detected with the Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database (CARD) platform, ResFinder, and MOB-suite tools. Susceptibility testing was performed using disk diffusion. Five presumptive strains of Cronobacter spp. were identified by MALDI-TOF MS and ribosomal MLST. Three C. sakazakii strains were of the clinical pathovar ST1, one was ST31, and the remaining isolate was C. malonaticus ST60. In addition, Franconibacter helveticus ST345 was identified. The C. sakazakii ST1 strains were further distinguished using core genome MLST based on 2831 loci. Moreover, 100% of the strains were resistant to cefalotin, 75% to ampicillin, and 50% to amikacin. The C. sakazakii ST1 strains were multiresistant (MDR) to four antibiotics. Additionally, all the strains adhered to the N1E-115 cell line, and two invaded it. Eighteen ARGs mainly involved in antibiotic target alteration and antibiotic efflux were detected. Thirty VGs were detected and clustered as flagellar proteins, outer membrane proteins, chemotaxis, hemolysins, and genes involved in metabolism and stress. The pESA3, pSP291-1, and pCMA1 plasmids were detected, and the prevalent mobile genetic elements (MGEs) were ISEsa1, ISEc52, and IS26. The isolates of C. sakazakii and C. malonaticus exhibited multiresistance to antibiotics, harbored genes encoding various antibiotic resistance proteins, and various virulence factors. Consequently, these contaminated powdered dairy products pose a risk to the health of hypersensitive adults.
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页数:16
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