Modelling spatiotemporal impact of flash floods on power distribution system and dynamic service restoration with renewable generators considering interdependent critical loads

In recent decades, flash floods have become more common because of climate change and are considered a substantial risk for many cities worldwide. This catastrophic natural hazard presents a significant threat to critical infrastructure in urban areas, particularly the power distribution system. As modern societies are much more dependent on electrical energy these days, it is essential and imperative to make existing distribution systems resilient against flash flooding. Although researchers in this area have proposed various algorithms to impart resilience to a distribution system, however, the focus in these works is on wind-related events such as hurricanes, cyclones, and windstorms. Therefore, here, the spatiotemporal effects of a flash flood on the distribution system are modelled using a grid-based hydrodynamic model. The evolving line faults are then included in the proposed resilience-oriented time horizon-based service restoration model that also considers dynamic load demand, heavy uncertainties related to renewable generation, and interdependence among critical loads. Finally, the resilience of the distribution system's response is assessed using an operational resilience metric. The efficacy of the proposed framework is evaluated on IEEE 33-bus and 69-bus systems and the results show that the model provides an efficient restoration solution despite increased complexity caused by varying conditions.