Microplastics, a Global Issue: Human Exposure through Environmental and Dietary Sources

被引:38
作者
Borriello, Lucrezia [1 ]
Scivicco, Marcello [1 ]
Cacciola, Nunzio Antonio [1 ]
Esposito, Francesco [2 ]
Severino, Lorella [1 ]
Cirillo, Teresa [3 ]
机构
[1] Univ Naples Federico II, Dept Vet Med & Anim Prod, Div Toxicol, Via Delpino 1, I-80137 Naples, Italy
[2] Univ Naples Federico II, Dept Publ Hlth, Via Sergio Pansini 5, I-80131 Naples, Italy
[3] Univ Naples Federico II, Dept Agr Sci, Via Univ 100, I-80055 Portici, Italy
基金
英国科研创新办公室;
关键词
microplastics; human health; source; foods; food chain; trophic transfer; human exposure; fate; contaminants; toxicity; PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; MYTILUS-EDULIS L; PLASTIC DEBRIS; GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT; MARINE-ENVIRONMENT; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; MEDITERRANEAN SEA; 1ST EVIDENCE; FRESH-WATER; POLLUTION;
D O I
10.3390/foods12183396
中图分类号
TS2 [食品工业];
学科分类号
0832 ;
摘要
Plastic production has grown dramatically over the years. Microplastics (MPs) are formed from the fragmentation of larger plastic debris by combining chemical, physical, and biological processes and can degrade further to form nanoplastics (NPs). Because of their size, MPs and NPs are bioavailable to many organisms and can reach humans through transport along the food chain. In addition to the risk from ingesting MPs themselves, there are risks associated with the substances they carry, such as pesticides, pathogenic microorganisms, and heavy metals, and with the additives added to plastics to improve their characteristics. In addition, bioaccumulation and biomagnification can cause a cumulative exposure effect for organisms at the top of the food chain and humans. Despite the growing scientific interest in this emerging contaminant, the potential adverse effects remain unclear. The aim of this review is to summarize the characteristics (size, shape, color, and properties) of MPs in the environment, the primary sources, and the transport pathways in various environmental compartments, and to shed more light on the ecological impact of MPs and the potential health effects on organisms and humans by identifying human exposure pathways.
引用
收藏
页数:21
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