Systematic Investigation of the Underlying Biological and Cellular Functions of Druggable Phytomolecules from Brucea java']javanica against Ovarian Cancer

Ovarian cancer, a highly lethal form of cancer, poses significant challenges due to its late detection and manifestation of clinical symptoms. To explore alternative treatment approaches beyond conventional drugs and chemotherapy, it is crucial to understand the mechanisms of action of herbal remedies for potential therapeutic applications. Among these remedies, Brucea javanica is a component of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and utilized for various ailments, including cancer, but its precise mode of action remains elusive. This study aims to unravel the pharmacological mechanisms by which Brucea javanica operates in the treatment of ovarian cancer, offering insights into its therapeutic potential. A thorough review of the literature was conducted to identify the target-specific database associated with Brucea javanica. This database was then utilized to select target proteins relevant to ovarian cancer. The STITCH software was employed to construct an interactive network among these target proteins. Subsequently, gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis was performed using the Input database. After conducting a comprehensive literature review, a total of 21 compounds and 158 potential target proteins were carefully screened and selected. Among these, three targets were specifically chosen for this study based on their demonstrated bioactive potential in treating ovarian cancer. Furthermore, the analysis revealed the association of various genes, notably EIF6 and CDC37, with ovarian cancer, as indicated by their node degree within the network. Notably, protein targets such as HSP90AA1, CDC37, PPP5C, and EGFR were identified to play significant roles in the mechanism of action of Brucea javanica against ovarian cancer. The findings of this study contribute to the recognition of Brucea javanica's role in the treatment of ovarian cancer, affirming its therapeutic significance in both TCM and modern herbal therapy practices. The study revealed potential core mechanisms related to the metabolism of proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids. These observed mechanisms shed light on the potential mechanisms of action by which Brucea javanica exerts its therapeutic effects. The study findings provide valuable support for the utilization of Brucea javanica as an effective treatment option for ovarian cancer, highlighting its importance in integrating traditional and contemporary approaches to herbal therapy.