Trends in Racial, Ethnic, and Gender Diversity in Orthopaedic Surgery Adult Reconstruction Fellowships From 2007 to 2021

Background: Orthopaedic surgery has seen improvement in its representation of women, whereas the representation of racial/ethnic minorities has remained stagnant over the past decade. Overall, the surgical field lags behind other specialties in sex and racial/ethnic parity. Although demographic disparities within orthopaedics have been analyzed for both residents and faculty members, information for adult reconstruction fellows remains limited.Methods: Sex and race/ethnicity demographics for adult reconstruction orthopaedic fellowship matric-ulants were collected via a database published by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) from 2007 to 2021. Statistical analyses, including descriptive statistics and significance testing, were performed.Results: During the 14-year time frame, men trainees remained high with an overall average percentage of 88% and demonstrated increasing representation (P trend = .012). White non-Hispanics, Asians, Blacks, and Hispanics represented on average 54%, 11%, 3%, and 4%, respectively. White non-Hispanics (P trend = .039) and Asians (P trend = .030) saw increasing and decreasing representation, respectively. Women, Blacks, and Hispanics remained relatively stagnant throughout the observation period as no trends were appreciable (P trend >.05, each).Conclusion: Using publicly available demographic data from the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) from 2007 to 2021, we found relatively limited progress in the representation of women and those from traditionally marginalized groups seeking additional training in adult reconstruction. Our findings mark an initial step in measuring the demographic diversity among adult reconstruction fellows. Further research is needed to ascertain specific factors likely to attract and retain members from minoritized groups into orthopaedics. Published by Elsevier Inc.