Effects of Polyphenol-Rich Extracts on Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

A plant-based diet has a wealth of pro-health properties. These have been typically attributed to the beneficial effects associated with fruits, vegetables, juices and spices and the various properties of their phytochemical constituents, such as polyphenols. Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic disorders with an unknown etiology; however, an important component of IBD is colon damage, known to be caused by the inflammatory response, oxidative stress or disturbances of the gut microbiota. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge concerning the effects of polyphenol-rich extracts on IBD and assesses their utility. Most of the presented evidence suggests that polyphenol-rich extracts have various beneficial anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects, enhancing the epithelial barrier and restoring disturbances in the gut microbiota. These effects may result from the modulation of multiple cellular signalling pathways. Based on these findings, new dietary strategies supporting the treatment of IBD may be created.