Design of Microstrip Smart Antenna with DENLMS Beam Steering Algorithm for Millimetre-Wave Frequency Application

Microstrip patch smart antenna is modelled for millimetre wave frequency application to improve the performance of antenna in terms of gain and bandwidth. In particular, beam steering antennas have become quite common in contemporary antenna propagation. Because it reduces noise, conserves energy, and improves the bandwidth and gain of the microstrip antenna. The antennas of beam steering antennas are designed to create narrow focused beams with minimum side lobes. The major intention of this research is to design a smart antenna with beam steering strategy. Roger substrate was used to create the antenna. The 5G network has intended with frequency range 1 (FR1-sub-6 GHz range) covers the range from 450 MHz to 6 GHz and frequency range 2 (FR2-mmWave) covers the region from 24.25 to 52.6 GHz. Our research use the FR2-mmWave frequency range of 24.25-52.6 GHz. The DENLMS beam steering algorithm, on the other hand, which is presented to increase the directional gain, beam steering abilities and side lobe level. The LMS method is changed by normalising to boost the convergence rate, resulting in delayed error normalised LMS (DENLMS). The DENLMS technique is a gradient-based strategy that involves an iterative method that performs consecutive weight vector corrections in the direction of the gradient vector's negative, finally leading to the current time's minimal mean square error. The system has used DENLMS to achieve beamforming as a result of this. Furthermore, the DENLMS method is used in the MATLAB simulation to compute the ideal complex weights, taking into account alternative angles for the intended User (+ 45 and 45) and Interferer (+ 30 and 30). Then the antenna elements supplied these ideal weights through HFSS for beam steering in a new direction. Directivity, return loss, surface current distribution, and radiation pattern parameters are assessed and compared to existing designs to show that the developed antenna has a high efficiency.