Effects of a transitional care intervention on readmission among older medical inpatients: a quasi-experimental study

Purpose To evaluate the effect of a transitional care intervention (TCI) on readmission among older medical inpatients. Methods This non-randomised quasi-experimental study was conducted at Horsens Regional Hospital in Denmark from 1 February 2017 to 31 December 2018. Inclusion criteria were patients >= 75 years old admitted for at least 48 h. First, patients were screened for eligibility. Then, the allocation to the intervention or control group was performed according to the municipality of residence. Patients living in three municipalities were offered the hospital-based intervention, and patients living in a fourth municipality were allocated to the control group. The intervention components were (1) discharge transportation with a home visit, (2) a post-discharge cross-sectorial video conference and (3) seven-day telephone consultation. The primary outcome was 30-day unplanned readmission. Secondary outcomes were 30- and 90-day mortality and days alive and out of hospital (DAOH). Results The study included 1205 patients (intervention: n = 615; usual care: n = 590). In the intervention group, the median age was 84.3 years and 53.7% were females. In the control group, the median age was 84.9 years and 57.5% were females. The 30-day readmission rates were 20.8% in the intervention group and 20.2% in the control group. Adjusted relative risk was 1.00 (95% confidence interval: 0.80, 1.26; p = 0.99). No significant difference was found between the groups for the secondary outcomes. Conclusion The TCI did not impact readmission, mortality or DAOH. Future research should conduct a pilot test, address intervention fidelity and consider real-world challenges.