Cross-cultural adaptation, reliability, and validity of the Turkish version of the Craniofacial Pain and Disability Inventory (CF-PDI/T) for individuals with temporomandibular disorders

Purpose To translate the Craniofacial Pain and Disability Inventory into Turkish (CF-PDI/T) and to examine its reliability and validity. Materials and methods Cultural adaptation of CF-PDI/T was conducted according to international standards. The psychometric analyses included reliability by internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) and test/retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient, ICC); structural validity was evaluated with exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA); and construct validity was investigated by matching (a priori hypotheses) the CF-PDI/T with the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), Headache Impact Test-6 (HIT-6), Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia for Temporomandibular Disorders-12 (TSK-TMD-12), Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), Neck Disability Index (NDI), Fonseca Anamnestic Index (FAI), and Jaw Functional Limitation Scale-20 (JFLS-20). Correlations ranging from low to high were expected. Results CF-PDI/T showed excellent test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.971), excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.985), and low to high correlation with NRS, HIT-6, TSK-TMD, PCS, NDI, FAI, and JFLS-20. Following EFA, three factors ("pain and psychosocial limitation", "jaw functional status", and "frequency comorbidities and disability") were extracted, accounting for 55.028% of the total variation. Conclusions The CF-PDI/T is a reliable and valid instrument to assess the symptoms and disability in the Turkish population with temporomandibular disorders.