Theoretical Analysis and Development of Multilayered Ecofriendly Sb2S3-Based Solar Cell Using SCAPS-1D Framework

Herein, FTO/TiO2/Sb2S3/Au solar cell characteristics via SCAPS-1D modeling are examined. The research begins with device modeling of the Sb2S3 conventional solar cell based on experimental data, which results in excellent agreement with the power conversion efficiency recorded in the literature of approximate to 4.72%. The influence of several factors on the characteristics of conventional solar cells is then investigated, including Sb2S3 thickness, carrier concentration, bulk and interface defects, and buffer layer type (TiO2, WS2, and CdS). An optimal efficiency of 9.97%, open-circuit voltage (V-oc) of 0.96 V, short-circuit current (J(sc)) of 19.69%, and fill factor (FF) of 52.26% are found for the FTO/WS2/Sb2S3/Au optimized solar cell. Finally, the influence of NiO as the back surface field and parasitic resistance (R-s and R-sh) on the performance of Sb2S3 solar cells is investigated. The innovative solar cell design (FTO/WS2/Sb2S3/NiO/Au) with NiO thickness of 20 nm, R s < 2 ohm cm(-2), and R-sh > 700 ohm cm(-2) yields a high efficiency of more than 14.38%, FF > 68.93%, V-oc > 1 V, and J(sc) > 20.67 mA cm(-2). These qualities allow for the large-scale manufacture of a solar cell by including it in a manufacturing workflow.