A 'peopled' account of political agency in the Arctic: Professional practice and people-to-people participation

In spite of the region's diverse peoples and unique environments, Arctic political analyses frequently remain focused on the traditional level of the state and inter-state relations. While states undoubtedly play a significant role in Arctic governance arrangements, this paper seeks to direct attention to the agency of the many people and actors performing politics in the region. A more 'peopled' analysis includes renewed attention to professionals - e.g., state personnel, politicians, and diplomats - as well as non-state actors involved in Arctic politics through different avenues and with different levels of agency. This paper focuses on the so-called Barents Cooperation, a peace-building initiative set up in the wake of the Cold War between Nordic states and Russia in the Barents Euro-Arctic border region. It draws on interviews with professionals involved in the daily running of the Barents Cooperation, including its funding of 'grassroots' and people-to-people activities, to ask what can lessons can be learnt about Arctic political participation beyond the state. Based on their reflections, key challenges, successes, and future opportunities are highlighted, and the paper argues for strengthening both the analytical attention to and the practical agency of a wider range of political actors.