Design, Modelling, And Simulation of a Smart Grid System with Renewable Energy Penetration

In recent time, the power systems have experienced improvements in their operations in which one of product of these improvements is the concept of smart grid. The smart grid entails the use of modern electrical grid with the purpose of upgrading the conventional grid to accommodate and manage the new energy demand. The smart grid combines various aspects of new technologies that are key to a more stable and efficient power system. These technologies include the incorporation of smart meters, energy storage, high voltage power transmission and renewable energy. The use of renewable energy is driven by global warming concerns, and the need to reduce the dependency on fossil fuel. The smart grid enables different types of renewable energy sources to be integrated connect and supply power to the grid. To understand the relationship between smart grids and renewable energy systems, a numerical analysis of the IEEE 14 Bus system consisting of battery energy storage system, hydropower plant and wind power was designed and simulated on MATLAB/Simulink. The simulation was carried for two different cases, case one being a smart grid without renewable energy sources and case two with connected renewable energy sources. The results of the power flow solution were analyzed to understand the concept of power flow in aspect of integration of renewable energy on smart grids. The load flow results indicated that the addition of renewable energy increased the efficiency of the smart grid.