Extensive abundances and characteristics of microplastic pollution in the karst hyporheic zones of urban rivers

Cities are potential areas for microplastic pollution due to large-scale production and the use of plastic products. The karst ecosystem in southwestern China is fragile, and pollutants are more likely to be transported over long distance, resulting in higher pollution risks. Understanding the abundance and composition of microplastics in karst urban water systems is crucial for microplastic pollution management in a karst region. This study investigates the abun-dances and characteristics of microplastics typically found in river sediments in 10 cities in karst regions of Southwest China. The results show that the abundance of microplastics in sediments ranged from 800 items center dot kg-1 to 4400 items center dot kg-1, with an average of 2273 +/- 775 items center dot kg-1 (n = 30), indicating high abundance. Polyamide (PA) was the most common plastic polymer types in all sediment samples. The abundance of microplastics in the down-stream (2527 +/- 698 items center dot kg-1) was higher than that in the midstream (2350 +/- 999 items center dot kg-1) and upstream areas (1943 +/- 370 items center dot kg-1), indicating a gradual accumulation effect in the karst water systems. Microplastic abundance in cities (2119 +/- 838 items center dot kg-1) was lower than in counties (2427 +/- 671 items center dot kg-1). No significant cor-relation was found between microplastic abundance in rivers of urban areas and the level of regional population and economy, but significantly negatively correlated with the efficiency of urban sewage treatment. The results obtained from this study provided insights into the management of microplastic pollution in urban river of a karst region.