A technology maturity assessment framework for Industry 5.0 machine vision systems based on systematic literature review in automotive manufacturing

When considering how an intelligent factory can 'see,' the answer lies in machine vision technology. To assess the current technological advancements of machine vision systems and propose a technology maturity assessment framework, a nine-phase Systematic Literature Review (SLR) strategy was implemented. As the automotive industry stands at the forefront of autonomous systems, we analysed 85 works across the entire automotive manufacturing life cycle. The findings revealed that machine vision is utilised in each technological pillar of Industry 4.0, encompassing autonomous robots, augmented reality, predictive maintenance, additive manufacturing, and more. In analysing 22 vision-based applications in 47 automotive components, we clustered machine vision systems' architectural components and processing techniques, ranging from threshold-based methods to advanced reinforcement learning techniques suitable for the I5.0 environment. Leveraging the insights gathered, we propose the I5.0 technology maturity assessment framework for machine vision systems, evaluating nine functional components across five scaling technology levels. This framework serves as a valuable tool to identify weaknesses and opportunities for improvement, guiding machine vision integration into an intelligent factory.