Comprehensive development of motor skills and physical abilities in 6- and 7-year-old children in a preschool educational institution

The problem of the study is the need to improve the effectiveness of physical education in preschool educational institutions, which ensures the formation of sufficient knowledge, basic motor skills and physical fitness necessary for the successful adaptation of children to school. The aim of the study was to substantiate the developed methodology of the integrated development of motor skills and physical abilities in 6- and 7-year-old children in a preschool educational institution. The research methods were the analysis of scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical testing, pedagogical observation, method of rating evaluation, pedagogical experiment, methods of mathematical statistics. The study was conducted in Kindergarten No. 158 in Tyumen, Russia, in 2021 and 2022. During the pedagogical experiment two groups of 6- and 7-year-old children were created: control (CG) and experimental (EG), numbering 43 (24 boys and 19 girls) and 39 (25 boys and 14 girls) children, respectively. In the EG, the method of physical education, based on a comprehensive approach to the formation of basic motor skills and physical abilities in preschool children and creating an effect of adaptation through the systematic and varied use of running, jumping and throwing exercises, was implemented. According to the results of the study, the participants of the EG showed a significant increase in the indicators of the level of technical skill by decreasing the total number of errors by 31% and reducing the number of gross errors by 38% compared with the baseline test. The growth of physical preparedness for the period of research was as follows: target accuracy by 152% in boys and 145% in girls; upper shoulder girdle power endurance by 24% in boys and 22% in girls; flexibility test by 18% in boys and 19% in girls; abdominal muscles power endurance by 11% in boys and 13% in girls; general endurance, speed and coordination abilities from 3% to 4% in both groups. Thus, we can conclude that the integrated use of all forms of the organization of physical activity in the conditions of a preschool educational institution can successfully solve educational problems and provide the necessary amount of motor activity. However, to achieve a more significant effect in the development of physical abilities, we recommended to use independent forms of physical activity in the daily routine (together with parents) and to involve children in regular exercises in sports schools and clubs.