Complex Jacobi matrices generated by Darboux transformations

In this paper, we study complex Jacobi matrices obtained by the Christoffel and Geronimus transformations at a nonreal complex number, including the properties of the corresponding sequences of orthogonal polynomials. We also present some invariant and semi-invariant properties of Jacobi matrices under such transformations. For instance, we show that a Nevai class is invariant under the transformations in question, which is not true in general, and that the ratio asymptotic still holds outside the spectrum of the corresponding symmetric complex Jacobi matrix but the spectrum could include one extra point. In principal, these transformations can be iterated and, for example, we demonstrate how Geronimus transformations can lead to RI I -recurrence relations, which in turn are related to orthogonal rational functions and pencils of Jacobi matrices. (c) 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.