ELECTRONICALLY TUNABLE MINIMUM COMPONENT FIRST ORDER UNIVERSAL FILTER BASED ON EXCCTA

In this research a minimum component current mode (CM) first order universal filter (FOUF) is proposed. The filter is designed using a single Extra X Current Conveyor Transconductance Amplifier (EXCCTA) and one grounded capacitor. The filter can realize all pass (AP), low pass (LP) and high pass (HP) responses simultaneously. The filter offers low input impedance and high output impedance making it fully cascadable. Additionally, the filter feature on chip tunability of the-3 dB frequency. The filter is resistor less and did not require passive component matching constraint for realizing the responses. The performance and cascadability feature of the filter are examined by using it in the design of second order current mode filter. A non-ideal analysis is also performed to study the effects of process spread and component variability on the operation of the filter. The filter is simulated in cadence software using 180 nm process design kit (PDK). The filter is designed for a frequency of 16.233 MHz at supply voltage of +/- 1.25V. The theoretical and simulation results are found to be in close agreement.