Factors influencing sleep quality in the intensive care unit: a descriptive pilot study in Korea

Background: As sleep disturbances are common in the intensive care unit (ICU), this study assessed the sleep quality in the ICU and identified barriers to sleep. Methods: Patients admitted to the ICUs of a tertiary hospital between June 2022 and December 2022 who were not mechanically ventilated at enrollment were included. The quality of sleep (QoS) at home was assessed on a visual analog scale as part of an eight-item survey, while the QoS in the ICU was evaluated using the Korean version of the Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire (K-RCSQ). Good QoS was defined by a score of >= 50. Results: Of the 30 patients in the study, 19 reported a QoS score <50. The Spearman correlation coefficient showed no meaningful relationship between the QoS at home and the overall K-RCSQ QoS score in the ICU (r=0.16, P=0.40). The most common barriers to sleep were physical discomfort (43%), being awoken for procedures (43%), and feeling unwell (37%); environmental factors including noise (30%) and light (13%) were also identified sources of sleep disruption. Physical discomfort (median [interquartile range]: 32 [28.0-38.0] vs. 69 [42.0-80.0], P=0.004), being awoken for procedures (36 [20.0-48.0] vs. 54 [36.0-80.0], P=0.04), and feeling unwell (31 [18.0-42.0] vs. 54 [40.0-76.0], P=0.01) were associated with lower K-RCSQ scores. Conclusions: In the ICU, physical discomfort, patient care interactions, and feeling unwell were identified as barriers to sleep.