Differential Expression of Caveolin-3, Suppression of Tumorigenicity 2, and Growth Differentiation Factor-15 Genes and Their Association with Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Multi-Specialty Hospital in Tamil Nadu

Background: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the world's leading causes of cardiovascular death. Recent studies have reported the influence of the genes caveolin-3 (CAV3), suppression of tumorigenicity 2, and growth differentiating factor-15 in cardiovascular diseases, especially myocardial infarction, but their role and function remain unclear. Hence, this study was designed to evaluate the expression levels of these three genes in AMI and understanding the role of CAV-3 in the pathogenesis of AMI.Methods and Results: Blood samples were collected from 50 AMI patients and 50 non-AMI controls in this cross-sectional study. Relative expression levels of the three genes were performed using real-time PCR. Bioinformatics tools were used for functional gene enrichment and protein-protein interactions. CAV-3 was significantly upregulated among AMI patients compared to controls. In silico analyses identified CAV-3 as playing critical roles in smooth muscle contraction, cardiac conduction, and calcium-mediated transport via binding with essential proteins including dysferlin and annexinsConclusion: This study is a first of its kind, reporting an upregulation of CAV-3 in AMI patients. The expression of all three genes significantly influenced the systolic function of the heart in AMI patients. A more in-depth understanding of CAV-3 in the pathophysiology of AMI is essential and it may prove to be a novel.