Evaluation of the effectiveness of diode laser therapy in conjunction with nonsurgical treatment of peri-implantitis

Purpose: Peri-implantitis (PI) is an inflammatory condition associated with the destruction of bone tissue around a dental implant, and diode lasers can be used to treat this disease. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a 940-nm diode laser for the nonsurgical treatment of PI. Methods: Twenty patients (8 women and 12 men) were enrolled in a split-mouth randomized controlled study. In the control group (CG), mechanical debridement with titanium curettes accompanied by airflow was performed around the implants. The test group (TG) was treated similarly, but with the use of a diode laser. Clinical measurements (plaque index, gingival index [GI], probing pocket depth [PPD], bleeding on probing [BOP], clinical attachment level, and interleukin-1 beta [IL-1 beta] in the peri-implant crevicular fluid) were evaluated and recorded at baseline and 3 months. IL-1 beta levels were determined using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Results: The symptoms were alleviated in both groups at 3 months as assessed through clinical measurements. GI, BOP, and PPD were significantly lower in the TG than in the CG (P<0.05). The IL-1 beta level increased post-treatment in both groups, but this increase was only statistically significant (P<0.05) in the CG. Conclusions: The diode laser enabled improvements in clinical parameters in the peri-implant tissue. However, it did not reduce IL-1 beta levels after treatment. Further studies about the use of diode lasers in the treatment of PI will be necessary to evaluate the effects of diode lasers in PI treatment.