Nephroprotective Effects of Delphinidin against Bisphenol an Induced Kidney Damage in Rats

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a hazardous industrial pollutant that has the potential to induce renal toxicity. Delphinidin (Del) is an anthocyanidin that displays versatile pharmacological properties. The study was designed to access the ameliorative role of Del on BPA-instigated renal impairment. Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were distributed into four groups and the experiment was conducted in triplicate. Group I was designated as a control group (0.1% DMSO), while group II was orally administrated with 10 mg/kg of BPA. Groups III received BPA + Del (10 mg/kg + 25 mg/kg), whereas group IV was treated with Del (25 mg/kg) orally. After the completion of thirty days' experiment, all the rats were euthanized and various parameters were evaluated. The findings of our research showed that administration of BPA tremendously decreased the activities of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, glutathione-S-transferase as well as reduced the level of glutathione, while it increased the malondialdehyde level. The production of reactive oxygen species also increased after BPA exposure. Moreover, BPA exposure caused substantial elevation in urea and creatinine levels, with significantly low creatinine clearance. Furthermore, BPA remarkably escalated the inflammatory markers level (interleukin-1 beta, nuclear factor kappa-B, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, as well as cyclooxygenase-2 activity) and caused histopathological damage. Del + BPA co-treatment showed renoprotective effects against BPA-induced damages by restoring all the parameters. Collectively, the treatment of Del showed a remedial role against the nephrotoxic effects of BPA that might be linked with its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.