Execution and emission characteristics of automotive compression ignition engine powered by cerium oxide nanoparticles doped water diesel emulsion fuel

The rising consumption of oil and air pollution in developing countries compelled us to seek suitable alternative fuels for the existing compression ignition engines used in power generation, transportation, and industrial sectors, all of which play a strong role in the development of the nation's economy. Moreover, rising demand and consumption also causes a huge impact on our economy as we are dependent on other nations to cater to our needs as domestic production fails to fulfill the present requirement and leads to huge import bills that affect the ordinary man. A water/diesel (W/D) emulsified formulation helps to diminish the engine exhaust discharge without compromising the engine's performance. The current task experimentally evaluates the execution and discharge characteristics of cerium oxide nano-particles doped water diesel emulsion fuel viz E15, E15CeO2(40), E15CeO2(60), and E15CeO2(80) on multi-cylinder automotive compression ignition engine at steady 1650 rpm, under variable test load situation. Mechanical stirring was used to make E15 water diesel emulsion fuel, whereas ultrasonicator and mechanical stirrer were used to make E15CeO2(40), E15CeO2(60), and E15CeO2(80) blends. Surfactants span 80 and tween 80 were used. The concentrations of cerium oxide nanoparticles in emulsion fuel samples were 40, 60, and 80 ppm, respectively. The characteristics like thickness, flash point, and heating value of test fuels were evaluated and reported within the range as specified by governing standards. The execution and discharge characteristics of various emulsion fuel samples were compared to standard diesel. At maximum load, cerium oxide doped fuels greatly improve engine performance while lowering environmentally harmful engine pollutants such smoke opacity, NOx, carbon monoxide, and hydrocarbon emissions by 40.27%, 33.60%, 30%, and 18.75%, respectively.