Thirty-day morbidity and mortality of elective urological surgery in patients aged 80 years and over in a UK district general hospital

Purpose: An ageing population has led to many people aged 80 and over requiring urological surgery. There are concerns that operating on octogenarians may be fraught with higher morbidity and mortality risk. Therefore, the purpose was to study postoperative outcomes in people aged 80 years and over undergoing elective urological surgery. Materials and methods: We retrospectively reviewed the 30-day readmissions and deaths in patients aged 80 years and over who had elective urological surgery over a seven and half year period from February 2011 to July 2018 in a district general hospital. Surgeries were stratified into minor, intermediate and major. Our data did not include supra-major surgeries like radical cystectomy as these are done in tertiary centres. We used logistic regression to examine factors associated with readmissions and death. Results: A total of 1239 patients had 2201 operations. The median age was 84.1 years. Procedures on the bladder were the most common, followed by prostate surgery. A 17.9% of operations resulted in an adverse outcome (death or readmission attributable to surgery) within 30 days. There were 21 deaths, equating to 1% of all surgeries undertaken. There was a significant difference in both readmissions and deaths by American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) grade. The median time to readmission from surgery was 18 (IQR 13-23) days. The highest number of readmissions occurred in the third week after surgery. A 94% of the readmissions were for a minor complication (grade I Clavien Dindo), with haematuria and urinary retention being most common. Conclusions: This study informs hospitals, surgeons, patient advocacy groups and insurance, that the morbidity and mortality risks of non-supra major elective urological surgery in patients aged 80 and over are not disproportionately high.