Direct vertebral rotation versus simple rod derotation techniques in correction of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis

Background One method for treating adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), which is characterized by abnormal spinal alignment in the coronal, sagittal, and rotational planes, is surgical correction. The two surgical techniques most typically used to correct spine alignment are simple rod derotation (SRD) and direct vertebral derotation (DVR). Aim The study's goal was to assess the effectiveness of two treatment methods for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: simple rod derotation and direct vertebral rotation. Subjects and methods A randomized controlled research involving 36 adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis was done. Patients were randomly split into one of two groups: 18 patients in group A had DVR treatment, while 18 patients in group B received SRD with a 2-year follow-up. Results Apical Vertebral Rotation measured from CT scans in DVR group was 24.4 degrees +/- 8.38 degrees preoperatively and it decreased significantly postoperatively to 14.4 degrees +/- 4.61 degrees with (42.22%) correction rate, while in SRD group, it was 25.03 degrees +/- 7.99 degrees preoperatively and it also decreased significantly postoperatively to a mean value of 21.41 degrees +/- 7.01 degrees with (14.65%) correction rate. There were statistically significant differences between both groups post-operative (P < 0.001). Conclusion The apical vertebral rotation was greatly enhanced in both procedures, with direct vertebral rotation being better. Both Simple rod derotation and direct vertebral rotation reduce the rib hump, although the improvement is much greater with direct vertebral rotation.