Robust operation of hydrogen-fueled power-to-gas system within feasible operating zone considering carbon-dioxide recycling process

Renewable energy is increasingly preferred over fossil fuels, but its unpredictable nature, especially in the case of wind power, makes consistent electricity generation difficult. To address this, power-to-gas (PtoG) technology has emerged as a promising method for utilizing excess renewable energy and advancing cleaner energy systems. This study proposes a mathematical framework for modeling the integration of a PtoG system with a gas combustion power station (GCPS) and wind farm by defining the operating zone of the whole system and utilizing the surplus wind power as input energy. Furthermore, the proposed PtoG system consists of various technologies, including an electrolyzer for hydrogen production, methanation for methane production, a carbon capture unit for carbon collection, and two tanks for methane and carbon preservation. To inoculate the proposed model against uncertainties, the proposed framework employs robust optimization for the optimal performance of the integrated system. The results from the simulation demonstrate that the integration of a PtoG system leads to a substantial 81 % decrease in wind power curtailment. Additionally, there is a noteworthy 39.88 % reduction in carbon dioxide emissions when compared to the standalone operation of the GCPS and wind producer, highlighting the significant environmental benefits of incorporating the PtoG facility. The results of the optimization analysis also highlight the hybrid system's sensitivity to the unpredictability of wind power. This highlights the need for robust modeling to precisely model wind energy production.