A novel graphene-based circular dual-core photonic crystal fiber pressure sensor with high sensitivity

This paper proposes a new circular hydrostatic pressure sensor based on a dual-core photonic crystal fiber (DC-PCF) with a graphene layer that can be used in industrial and medical applications. Numerical simulations are performed using COMSOL Multiphysics software, which solves problems using the finite element method (FEM). The coupling length and confinement loss of the proposed DC-PCF are calculated at a wavelength of 1.55 & mu;m, which are 1.291 mm and 2.3362 x 10(-3) dB/m, respectively. A linear relationship is observed between the applied pressure and the peak wavelength of the transmission spectrum. When pressure is applied to the proposed DC-PCF from 0 to 1000 MPa, the spectrum transmission shifts to blue wavelengths. The results show that the proposed DC-PCF with a length of 6 cm has the highest sensitivity of - 30 pm/MPa. A very low value of the limit of detection (LOD) parameter of 0.785 pPa is calculated. High sensitivity and low LOD make the sensor able to measure pressure changes with high accuracy. It is also shown that adding a graphene layer to the center of the DC-PCF sensor increases the birefringence, confinement loss, and stress component values.