[1] Tzu Chi Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Nursing, 880,Sect 2,Chien Kou Rd, Hualien 970, Taiwan
[2] Natl Taipei Univ Nursing & Hlth Sci, Sch Nursing, 365 Ming Te Rd, Taipei 112, Taiwan
[3] Shin Kong Wu Ho Su Mem Hosp, Dept Nursing, 95 Wen Chan Rd, Taipei 112, Taiwan
[4] Chen Hsin Gen Hosp, Div Colorectal Surg, Taipei 112, Taiwan
[5] Univ Sunshine Coast, Sch Hlth, 80-106 Tallon St, Caboolture, Qld 4059, Australia