Using a hybrid system to improve a lithium-ion battery in the presence of phase change material and the effect of air on the battery charge and discharge

In this article, a numerical analysis is done on the temperature of 4 plate-shaped battery cells with phase change material (PCM) chambers around each one in a rectangular shape. The batteries are placed in a channel with air flow. The study is done transiently in a time of 10 min. The batteries are of lithium ion type and the analysis is provided in two dimensions. The battery cells are arranged in the form of two single battery cells at the beginning, and end of the channel and two battery cells in the middle of the channel. These two middle batteries are placed in parallel. By changing the distance between the two middle batteries from two to three cm, this study is conducted to investigate the temperature of each of the four battery cells and changes in the amount of frozen PCM. Finally, the results showed that the temperature of the two batteries at the beginning and the end, increased continuously during the 10 min of the study. At a distance of three cm from the middle batteries, the lowest temperature occurred on the first and last batteries, while at the same distance, the highest temperature occurred on the middle ones. At a distance of two cm from the middle batteries, the lowest amount of frozen PCM was observed, while at a distance of three cm from the middle batteries, the highest amount of frozen PCM was found on the first and last batteries.