Analysis of covariance under neutrosophic statistics

Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) is a widely used statistical analysis technique in numerous experimental studies. The existing ANCOVA test cannot be applied when the sample is taken from a population with imprecise and uncertain data. Neutrosophic statistics will be employed when analyzing data containing uncertain observations. In this paper, we make a significant contribution by proposing a novel method for ANCOVA using neutrosophic statistics as an extension of the existing ANCOVA. This study applied the neutrosophic analysis of covariance (NANCOVA) in three different designs (neutrosophic completely randomized design (NCRD), neutrosophic randomized complete block design (NRCBD), and neutrosophic split-plot design (NSPD)). We have implemented and explained this method with numerical examples. According to our experimental results, the proposed NANCOVA method is flexible and effective in the presence of uncertainty compared to the existing method.