Design and analysis of liquid hydrogen-fueled hybrid ship propulsion system with dynamic simulation

In this study, we examine a liquid hydrogen (LH2)-fueled hybrid ship propulsion system (HSPS) consisting of an LH2 fuel gas supply system (FGSS), a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), and battery systems. The LH2-HSPS is analyzed through three dynamic simulations, representing different PEMFC outputs, for a 2-MW-class tugboat. During transient states of LH2 FGSS, hydrogen temperature changes from 11 to 41 degrees C at the LH2 vaporizer outlet. Dynamic simulations considering hydrogen temperature tolerance in the PEMFC system show interruptions of power generation during 1-5 s. In Case 3, where the PEMFC system provides all propulsive power, an energy capacity of 310-1860 kWh is calculated with maximum C-rates of 1C-6C. The average power consumption of the balance of plant in the PEMFC system is 43.64, 27.51, and 44.06 kW for Cases 1-3, respectively. Finally, the battery system's thermal management is well performed for all cases.(c) 2023 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.