Radio Resource Management for C-V2X: From a Hybrid Centralized-Distributed Scheme to a Distributed Scheme

Spectrum sharing in cellular vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X) has been conceived as a promising solution to improve spectrum efficiency. However, the co-channel interference incurred with it may cause severe performance degradation to vehicular links. Thereby, radio resource management (RRM) is motivated and designed to ensure communication reliability and increase system capacity. One challenge is that RRM involves channel allocation and power control, which are tightly coupled and hard to optimize simultaneously. Another challenge for this is the difficulty adapting centralized RRM schemes, requiring global channel state information (CSI) and causing high signaling overhead. To tackle these challenges, we propose the hybrid centralized-distributed RRM scheme and the distributed RRM scheme. Specifically, we prove a decoupling method that provides a theoretical lower bound so that channel allocation and power control can be optimized independently. Given the decoupling method, the hybrid centralized-distributed RRM scheme is based on graph matching and reinforcement learning (GMRL) to maximize system capacity and guarantee reliability requirements. Further, to decrease computation complexity and signaling overhead, the distributed RRM scheme that only requires local CSI with hybrid-framework reinforcement learning (HFRL) is exploited. Finally, both schemes are numerically evaluated through experiments and outperform other deep Q-network (DQN)-based schemes.