Sourcing, Refining and Recycling of Rare-Earth Magnets

被引：30

作者：

Ormerod, John ^{[1
]}

Karati, Anirudha ^{[2
]}

Baghel, Ajay Pal Singh ^{[2
]}

Prodius, Denis ^{[2
]}

Nlebedim, Ikenna C. ^{[2
]}

机构：

[1] John Ormerod Consulting LLC Co, Loudon, TN 37774 USA

[2] US DOE, Crit Mat Innovat Hub, Ames Natl Lab, Div Crit Mat, Ames, IA 50011 USA

来源：

SUSTAINABILITY | 2023年 / 15卷 / 20期

关键词：

rare earth elements; magnets; Nd-Fe-B; electric vehicles; motors; recycling; NDFEB MAGNETS; PERMANENT-MAGNETS; SELECTIVE EXTRACTION; ELEMENTS; RECOVERY; WASTE; ND; REMEDIATION;

D O I：

10.3390/su152014901

中图分类号：

X [环境科学、安全科学];

学科分类号：

08 ; 0830 ;

摘要：

Permanent magnets today are used in a wide range of transportation, industrial, residential/commercial, consumer electronics, defense, domestic, data storage, wind energy, and medical markets and applications. There are five classes of commercial permanent magnet materials; however, magnets based on Nd-Fe-B account for over 60% of the global magnet production by value. They typically contain around 31 wt.% of rare earth elements (REEs), principally, Nd and Pr, plus Dy for higher-temperature performance. Nd-Fe-B magnets are forecast to grow throughout this decade, largely driven by the growth in electric vehicles of all types. However, several studies forecast a shortfall of the primary REEs from mined resources. In this paper, the sourcing, processing, and recycling of REEs are discussed. Additionally, presented are the advantages and disadvantages of the major recovery and recycling technologies for REEs.

引用

页数：40

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