Th17 cells contribute the pathobiology of autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, it was shown that differentiated Th17 cells display a high degree of plasticity under the influence of inflammatory conditions. In some autoimmune diseases, the majority of Th17 cells, especially at sites of inflammation, have a phenotype that is intermediate between Th17 and Th1. These cells, which are described as Th17.1 or exTh17 cells, are hypothesized to be more pathogenic than classical Th17 cells. In this review, the involvement of Th17.1 lymphocytes in RA, and potential features that might render these cells to be more pathogenic are discussed.
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Kyushu Univ, Div Host Def, Med Inst Bioregulat, Higashi Ku, Fukuoka 8128582, JapanKyushu Univ, Div Host Def, Med Inst Bioregulat, Higashi Ku, Fukuoka 8128582, Japan
Yamada, H.
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Nakashima, Y.
Okazaki, K.
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Kyushu Univ, Grad Sch Med Sci, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Fukuoka 812, JapanKyushu Univ, Div Host Def, Med Inst Bioregulat, Higashi Ku, Fukuoka 8128582, Japan
Okazaki, K.
Mawatari, T.
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Kyushu Univ, Grad Sch Med Sci, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Fukuoka 812, JapanKyushu Univ, Div Host Def, Med Inst Bioregulat, Higashi Ku, Fukuoka 8128582, Japan
Mawatari, T.
Fukushi, J-I
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Kyushu Univ, Grad Sch Med Sci, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Fukuoka 812, JapanKyushu Univ, Div Host Def, Med Inst Bioregulat, Higashi Ku, Fukuoka 8128582, Japan
Fukushi, J-I
Kaibara, N.
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Kyushu Univ, Grad Sch Med Sci, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Fukuoka 812, JapanKyushu Univ, Div Host Def, Med Inst Bioregulat, Higashi Ku, Fukuoka 8128582, Japan
Kaibara, N.
Hori, A.
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Kyushu Univ, Div Host Def, Med Inst Bioregulat, Higashi Ku, Fukuoka 8128582, Japan
Kyushu Univ, Grad Sch Med Sci, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Fukuoka 812, JapanKyushu Univ, Div Host Def, Med Inst Bioregulat, Higashi Ku, Fukuoka 8128582, Japan
Hori, A.
Iwamoto, Y.
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Kyushu Univ, Grad Sch Med Sci, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Fukuoka 812, JapanKyushu Univ, Div Host Def, Med Inst Bioregulat, Higashi Ku, Fukuoka 8128582, Japan
Iwamoto, Y.
Yoshikai, Y.
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Kyushu Univ, Div Host Def, Med Inst Bioregulat, Higashi Ku, Fukuoka 8128582, JapanKyushu Univ, Div Host Def, Med Inst Bioregulat, Higashi Ku, Fukuoka 8128582, Japan