Risk analysis in underground tunnel construction with tunnel boring machines using the Best-Worst method and data envelopment analysis

Background: The use of tunnel boring machines is continuously increasing; however, this activity faces many risks, resulting in negative events.Methods: A novel approach using the best-worst method and a data envelopment analysis model was proposed to analyze the risks of underground tunnel construction with tunnel boring machines. The proposed approach was validated using a realistic case study of metro construction in Thailand.Results: The proposed approach efficiently analyzed the risks and produced more solid findings. The most critical and least affected risks can be identified according to risk scores in descending order. Implication: This study contributes a new method of risk analysis that benefits project managers and stakeholders who design risk management plans to reduce the occurrence and mitigate the severity of metro works.Originality: The new risk analysis can obtain the best compromise ranking of risks based on decision-makers' preferences, probabilities, and various consequences under different circumstances.