Broad, subjective, relative: the surprising folk concept of basic needs

被引:2
作者
Poelzler, Thomas [1 ]
Tomabechi, Tobu [2 ]
Hannikainen, Ivar R. [3 ]
机构
[1] Karl Franzens Univ Graz, Dept Philosophy, Attemsgasse 25-2, A-8010 Graz, Austria
[2] Univ Tokyo, Dept Social Psychol, 7-3-1 Hongo,Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan
[3] Univ Granada, Dept Philosophy 1, Campus Cartuja, Granada 18011, Spain
基金
奥地利科学基金会;
关键词
Basic needs; Experimental philosophy; Normative theory; Conceptual analysis; INTUITIONS; WELFARE; JUSTICE;
D O I
10.1007/s11098-023-02080-9
中图分类号
B [哲学、宗教];
学科分类号
01 ; 0101 ;
摘要
Some normative theorists appeal to the concept of basic needs. They argue that when it comes to issues such as global justice, intergenerational justice, human rights or sustainable development our first priority should be that everybody is able to meet these needs. But what are basic needs? We attempt to inform discussions about this question by gathering evidence of ordinary English speakers' intuitions on the concept of basic needs. First, we defend our empirical approach to analyzing this concept and identify a number of its potential features. Then we present three preregistered empirical studies that were conducted to investigate the extent to which ordinary speakers endorse these features. The studies yield convergent evidence for the following three claims: (1) ordinary speakers sometimes apply the concept of basic needs to necessities for a flourishing (not just a minimally decent) life, (2) most ordinary speakers attribute at least some degree of subjectivity to the concept, and (3) most ordinary speakers attribute at least some degree of relativity to the concept. We discuss the implications of these findings for philosophical analyses of basic needs.
引用
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页码:319 / 347
页数:29
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