Epidemiology of and Genetic Factors Associated with Acanthamoeba Keratitis

被引:2
|
作者
Ilyas, Muhammad [1 ]
Stapleton, Fiona [2 ]
Willcox, Mark D. P. [2 ]
Henriquez, Fiona [3 ]
Peguda, Hari Kumar [2 ]
Rayamajhee, Binod [2 ]
Zahid, Tasbiha [1 ]
Petsoglou, Constantinos [4 ]
Carnt, Nicole A. [2 ,5 ]
机构
[1] Primary & Secondary Healthcare Dept, Lahore 54000, Punjab, Pakistan
[2] Univ NSW, Sch Optometry & Vis Sci, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
[3] Univ West Scotland, Sch Hlth & Life Sci, Glasgow City G72 0LH, Scotland
[4] Univ Sydney, Save Sight Inst, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
[5] Westmead Inst Med Res, Ctr Vis Res, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
来源
PATHOGENS | 2024年 / 13卷 / 02期
关键词
Acanthamoeba; cornea; keratitis; contact lens; pathophysiology; immunology; microbiology; ADAPTIVE IMMUNE-RESPONSES; CONTACT-LENS WEARERS; N-SP PROTOZOA; CONFOCAL MICROSCOPY; GENUS ACANTHAMOEBA; CASTELLANII CYSTS; CYSTEINE PROTEASE; PATHOGENIC AMEBAS; CORNEAL SCRAPES; GENOTYPE T4;
D O I
10.3390/pathogens13020142
中图分类号
Q93 [微生物学];
学科分类号
071005 ; 100705 ;
摘要
Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) is a severe, rare protozoal infection of the cornea. Acanthamoeba can survive in diverse habitats and at extreme temperatures. AK is mostly seen in contact lens wearers whose lenses have become contaminated or who have a history of water exposure, and in those without contact lens wear who have experienced recent eye trauma involving contaminated soil or water. Infection usually results in severe eye pain, photophobia, inflammation, and corneal epithelial defects. The pathophysiology of this infection is multifactorial, including the production of cytotoxic proteases by Acanthamoeba that degrades the corneal epithelial basement membrane and induces the death of ocular surface cells, resulting in degradation of the collagen-rich corneal stroma. AK can be prevented by avoiding risk factors, which includes avoiding water contact, such as swimming or showering in contact lenses, and wearing protective goggles when working on the land. AK is mostly treated with an antimicrobial therapy of biguanides alone or in combination with diaminidines, although the commercial availability of these medicines is variable. Other than anti-amoeba therapies, targeting host immune pathways in Acanthamoeba disease may lead to the development of vaccines or antibody therapeutics which could transform the management of AK.
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页数:15
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