Understanding the Functional Components of Technology-Enhanced Learning Environment in Medical Education: A Scoping Review

Increasing use of technology in medical education has caused concerns to medical teachers pertaining to the quality of digital learning environments. Thus, this review aimed to unearth the functional components of effective technology-enhanced learning environment in the undergraduate medical education context. The revised Arksey and O'Malley protocol was utilized that include identification of research question and relevant studies, selection of studies, data charting and collection, and collating, summarizing, and reporting results after consultation. We discovered nine components with 25 subcomponents of 74 functional elements found to be present in effective online learning environments. The nine components include cognitive enhancement, content curation, digital capability, technological usability, pedagogical practices, learner characteristics, learning facilitator, social representations, and institutional support. There is an interplay between these components, influencing each other in online learning platforms. A technology-enhanced learning in medical education (TELEMEd) model is proposed which can be used as a framework for evaluating online learning environment in medical education.