An improved dual-porosity dual-permeability modeling workflow for representing nonplanar hydraulic fractures

The Dual-Porosity Dual-Permeability (DPDK) model is commonly used for upscaling and simulating fractured reservoirs. However, many common upscaling approaches lead to disconnected fracture, particularly when simulating Discrete Fracture Networks (DFN) and nonplanar hydraulic fractures that are not aligned with the axes of corner-point grids supported by most reservoir simulation packages using the Two-Point Flux Approximation (TPFA) technique for flow and mass transfer calculations. This misalignment could result in inaccurate computed fluxes when fractures are disconnected in the upscaling process. Our previous works attempted to address this problem in DFNs by detecting misalignments and adjusting DPDK fracture parameters locally. However, such methods required explicit knowledge of the fracture coordinates. This paper introduces a novel approach based on area interpolation, which identifies disconnected fractures from fracture images without extracting fracture coordinates, significantly improving detection efficiency. This study primarily focuses on nonplanar fractures, aiming to simulate them using the DPDK model accurately. The simulations are compared with those obtained using the Embedded Discrete Fracture Model (EDFM). This work illustrates how nonplanar hydraulic fractures can be effectively simulated in a DPDK model. Our results demonstrate that the adjusted/corrected DPDK model can offer superior or comparable performance to an EDFM for simulating nonplanar fractures. The proposed method is flexible and readily applied in commercial simulation software.